Ômega 3 na gestação e seus benefícios / Omega 3 during pregnancy and its benefits

O objetivo desta pesquisa é levantar a literatura científica sobre os benefícios do Ômega-3 na gestação, que se deu pelas bases de dados Scientifc Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Literatura Internacional em Ciências de Saúde (Medline) e National Library of Medicine (Pubmed) e Cochrane em literaturas nacionais e internacionais. Nesta pesquisa pode-se verificar que o ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) é considerado como o principal tipo de Ômega-3 pelo fato de proporcionar benefícios para a saúde, que vão desde o desenvolvimento do cérebro e da retina do bebê, os quais têm início a partir da suplementação da mãe já na gestação. O acúmulo do Ômega-3 ocorre no último trimestre da gestação e o transporte se dá através da placenta, sendo depositado no cérebro e na retina do concepto. Ocorre também um acúmulo simultâneo nas glândulas mamárias durante esta fase. O recomendado pelo consenso é de 200mg/dia, independentemente da fonte utilizada para suplementação. O adequado aporte de Ômega-3 na gestação e no pós-natal tem influência positiva no desenvolvimento visual e do sistema nervoso do recém-nascido, influenciando também na inteligência e na intelectualidade do indivíduo na vida adulta. O Ômega-3 é importante também na prevenção e tratamento de diversas doenças como obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, imunológicas, câncer de cólon, entre outras.(AU)

The objective of this research is to raise the scientific literature on the benefits of omega-3 during pregnancy, which occurred in research in databases Scientifc Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs) , International Literature in Health Sciences (MEDLINE) and national Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Cochrane in national and international literature, which can be seen that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is considered as the main type of Omega-3, the fact provide health benefits ranging from brain development and the baby's retina, which begins from the mother during pregnancy supplementation already. The Omega-3 accumulation occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy and the transport is through the placenta being deposited in the brain and retina of the fetus. It is also a simultaneous accumulation in the mammary glands during this phase. The recommended by consensus is 200 mg / day, regardless of the source used for supplementation. Adequate intake of omega-3 during pregnancy and in the postnatal has positive influences on visual development and the nervous system of the newborn, influencing also the intelligence and the individual intellect in adulthood. The Omega-3 is also important in the prevention and treatment of various diseases as obesity, cardiovascular, immune disorders, colon cancer, among others.(AU)

Effect of fish oil on oxidative stress, lipid profile and renal function in IgA nephropathy.

The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil have been shown to produce beneficial effects, such as a reduction in blood pressure, proteinuria, lipid levels and inflammation. Aggregated immunoglobulin A obtained from IgA nephropathy patients induced greater oxygen free radicals in polymorphonuclear leukocytes than other glomerulopathy. All of which may affect the course of IgA nephropathy. Twenty-three adult patients with biopsy proven IgA nephropathy, with proteinuria more than 1 g/day, serum creatinine less than 3 mg/dl and blood pressure control less than 130/80 mmHg were given omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the form of an Omacor capsule 4 g/day equivalent to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 1.88 g and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1.48 g for 6 months. A 3 to 6 month follow-up was planned, with monthly evaluations of the patients. By six months, the serum triglyceride was significantly reduced (143.45 +/- 62.65 vs 91 +/- 42.89 mg/dl, p = 0.002), serum cholesterol was also reduced but not statistically significant (234.16 +/- 56.29 vs 219.76 +/- 51.25 mg/dl, p = 0.07). There was a trend of increased serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (39.26 +/- 10.56 vs 42.72 +/- 8.37 mg/dl, p = 0.056). Urine beta-2-microglobulin was elevated in IgA patients and decreased statistically significant after 3 months (453 +/- 580 vs 308 +/- 274 microg/24 h, p < 0.001) and 6 months of fish oil therapy (453 +/- 580 vs 142 +/- 182, p < 0.03) while urine N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) was of no significant difference both before and after fish oil administration (21 +/- 10 vs 22 +/- 10 and 21 +/- 9 U/24 h, p = 0.08). Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of oxidative stress was statistically, significantly decreased (1.09 +/- 0.51 vs 0.89 +/- 0.49 nmol/L, p = 0.003). The study did not show any change in blood pressure, proteinuria, or serum creatinine. The authors conclude from the results of this study that patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy with proteinuria and mildly reduced GFR did not benefit from short-term treatment with 4 g per day of omega-3 PUFA regarding the total protein excretion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but the advantage was the improvement in tubular dysfunction, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress.